Power steering makes it easier to turn the steering wheel, especially when parking or maneuvering in confined areas. This system increases the force required to turn the steering wheel, thereby lightening the load from the force generated by the vehicle when turning.
There are basically two types of systems that move the steering easily, namely hydraulic and electric (EPS), where EPS is easier to maintain. The following is an explanation of the components and how hydraulic power steering works.
Hydraulic Power Steering Components
Even though many of its tasks are now being replaced by Electric Power Steering (EPS), there are still cars that use this system. In hydraulic power steering there are several components that move it, namely:
- Reservoir Tank = functions to hold power steering oil.
- High Pressure Steering Hose = functions to channel high pressure fluid to the rotary.
- Power Steering Pump = also called a vane pump. This component functions to produce high fluid pressure, making steering control easier.
- Rotary Control Value = regulates the fluid flow coming from the pump
- Rack Shaft = works as a support that connects the piston and rack gear to the power cylinder.
- Low Pressure Steering Hose = flows low pressure fluid to the reservoir tank.
- Power Cylinder = functions to regulate fluid pressure and move gears.
- Steering Gear Housing = functions to protect the pinion and power steering gear.
How Hydraulic Power Steering Works
The hydraulic power steering will work manually when the steering wheel is turned. When the steering wheel is in the straight position, the control valve is in the neutral position, where the control valve limits the power steering fluid and flows it back to the vane pump.
When the car starts to turn, the hydraulic power steering will work. The control valve will move to close the flow of fluid or lubricant when the steering shaft moves. Another channel will open and create a volume of oil flow that creates pressure which makes the piston in the power cylinder move.
This device pushes power steering fluid into the steering housing so that the steering components inside it rotate lightly. The movement of the piston will push the power steering fluid back towards the pump through the control valve.
